The Sahel region, impacted by droughts, desertification and resource scarcity, has become a breeding ground for extremist groups, a study jointly carried out by Sawab Center and Anwar Gargash Diplomatic Academy has found. Terrorist organizations such as Al Qaeda and Daesh have exploited these climate challenges to gain influence, often providing services or protection to distressed communities. However, the link between climate change and extremist violence is influenced by various socio-economic and political factors, including population density, urbanization, climate resilience policies, adaptation strategies, community resilience, and management of natural resources. The multifaceted nature of extremist violence makes it difficult to label climate change as the sole cause, but it is crucial to identify context-dependent factors that influence how climate change is experienced. The interaction between these factors is complex, necessitating nuanced analysis and response strategies.